Localization & Supported Domains

Configure language, country, location, and Google domain for targeted search results

The Google Search API provides multiple localization parameters to control exactly which results you get. You can set the interface language, target country, specific location, and Google domain to see results exactly as your target audience sees them.

Language Parameter (hl)

The hl (Host Language) parameter controls the language of the Google UI (buttons, labels, and interface text). It uses ISO 639-1 language codes. We support all 150+ Google interface languages.

Common Languages


`en` English (default)	`ja` Japanese
`tr` Turkish	`ko` Korean
`de` German	`ar` Arabic
`fr` French	`ru` Russian
`es` Spanish	`zh-cn` Chinese (Simplified)
`it` Italian	`zh-tw` Chinese (Traditional)
`pt` Portuguese	`pl` Polish
`nl` Dutch	`hi` Hindi
`sv` Swedish	`th` Thai

All Supported hl Values


`ach` Luo	`af` Afrikaans	`ak` Akan
`am` Amharic	`ar` Arabic	`az` Azerbaijani
`be` Belarusian	`bem` Bemba	`bh` Bihari
`bn` Bengali	`br` Breton	`bs` Bosnian
`bt` Bhutanese	`bg` Bulgarian	`ca` Catalan
`chr` Cherokee	`ckb` Kurdish (Sorani)	`co` Corsican
`crs` Seychellois Creole	`cs` Czech	`cy` Welsh
`da` Danish	`de` German	`ee` Ewe
`el` Greek	`en` English	`eo` Esperanto
`es` Spanish	`es-419` Spanish (Latin America)	`et` Estonian
`eu` Basque	`fa` Persian	`fi` Finnish
`fo` Faroese	`fr` French	`fy` Frisian
`ga` Irish	`gaa` Ga	`gd` Scots Gaelic
`gl` Galician	`gn` Guarani	`gu` Gujarati
`ha` Hausa	`haw` Hawaiian	`he` Hebrew
`hi` Hindi	`hr` Croatian	`ht` Haitian Creole
`hu` Hungarian	`hy` Armenian	`ia` Interlingua
`id` Indonesian	`ig` Igbo	`is` Icelandic
`it` Italian	`iw` Hebrew (legacy)	`ja` Japanese
`jw` Javanese	`ka` Georgian	`kg` Kongo
`kk` Kazakh	`kl` Greenlandic	`km` Cambodian
`kn` Kannada	`ko` Korean	`kri` Krio
`ku` Kurdish	`ky` Kyrgyz	`la` Latin
`lg` Luganda	`ln` Lingala	`lo` Laothian
`loz` Lozi	`lt` Lithuanian	`lua` Tshiluba
`lv` Latvian	`mfe` Mauritian Creole	`mg` Malagasy
`mi` Maori	`mk` Macedonian	`ml` Malayalam
`mn` Mongolian	`mo` Moldavian	`mr` Marathi
`ms` Malay	`mt` Maltese	`mv` Maldives
`my` Myanmar (Burmese)	`ne` Nepali	`nl` Dutch
`nn` Norwegian (Nynorsk)	`no` Norwegian	`nso` Northern Sotho
`ny` Chichewa	`nyn` Runyakitara	`oc` Occitan
`om` Oromo	`or` Oriya	`pa` Punjabi
`pcm` Nigerian Pidgin	`pl` Polish	`ps` Pashto
`pt` Portuguese	`pt-br` Portuguese (Brazil)	`pt-pt` Portuguese (Portugal)
`qu` Quechua	`rm` Romansh	`rn` Kirundi
`ro` Romanian	`ru` Russian	`rw` Kinyarwanda
`sd` Sindhi	`sh` Serbo-Croatian	`si` Sinhalese
`sk` Slovak	`sl` Slovenian	`sn` Shona
`so` Somali	`sq` Albanian	`sr` Serbian
`sr-me` Montenegrin	`st` Sesotho	`su` Sundanese
`sv` Swedish	`sw` Swahili	`ta` Tamil
`te` Telugu	`tg` Tajik	`th` Thai
`ti` Tigrinya	`tk` Turkmen	`tl` Filipino
`tn` Setswana	`to` Tonga	`tr` Turkish
`tt` Tatar	`tum` Tumbuka	`tw` Twi
`ug` Uighur	`uk` Ukrainian	`ur` Urdu
`uz` Uzbek	`vi` Vietnamese	`vu` Vanuatu
`wo` Wolof	`ws` Samoa	`xh` Xhosa
`yi` Yiddish	`yo` Yoruba	`zh-cn` Chinese (Simplified)
`zh-tw` Chinese (Traditional)	`zu` Zulu

hl sets the search context. Google treats it as a hint, so results may still include other languages. Use lr for strict language filtering.

Country Parameter (gl)

The gl (Geo Location) parameter determines from which country's perspective results are ranked and returned. It uses ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country codes. We support all 240+ Google geo location codes.

Common Countries


`us` United States (default)	`de` Germany
`gb` United Kingdom	`fr` France
`tr` Turkey	`es` Spain
`ca` Canada	`it` Italy
`au` Australia	`nl` Netherlands
`jp` Japan	`br` Brazil
`kr` South Korea	`in` India
`mx` Mexico

All Supported gl Values

Americas


`us` United States	`gy` Guyana
`ca` Canada	`ht` Haiti
`mx` Mexico	`hn` Honduras
`ar` Argentina	`jm` Jamaica
`bo` Bolivia	`mq` Martinique
`br` Brazil	`ni` Nicaragua
`cl` Chile	`pa` Panama
`co` Colombia	`py` Paraguay
`cr` Costa Rica	`pe` Peru
`cu` Cuba	`pr` Puerto Rico
`dm` Dominica	`pm` Saint Pierre and Miquelon
`do` Dominican Republic	`vc` Saint Vincent
`ec` Ecuador	`sr` Suriname
`sv` El Salvador	`tt` Trinidad and Tobago
`fk` Falkland Islands	`um` US Minor Outlying Islands
`gf` French Guiana	`uy` Uruguay
`gd` Grenada	`ve` Venezuela
`gp` Guadeloupe	`vg` British Virgin Islands
`gt` Guatemala	`vi` US Virgin Islands

Europe


`gb` United Kingdom	`lt` Lithuania
`uk` United Kingdom (alt)	`lu` Luxembourg
`al` Albania	`lv` Latvia
`ad` Andorra	`mc` Monaco
`at` Austria	`md` Moldova
`ba` Bosnia and Herzegovina	`me` Montenegro
`be` Belgium	`mk` North Macedonia
`bg` Bulgaria	`mt` Malta
`by` Belarus	`nl` Netherlands
`ch` Switzerland	`no` Norway
`cz` Czech Republic	`pl` Poland
`de` Germany	`pt` Portugal
`dk` Denmark	`ro` Romania
`ee` Estonia	`rs` Serbia
`es` Spain	`ru` Russia
`fi` Finland	`se` Sweden
`fo` Faroe Islands	`si` Slovenia
`fr` France	`sk` Slovakia
`ge` Georgia	`sm` San Marino
`gi` Gibraltar	`sj` Svalbard
`gg` Guernsey	`ua` Ukraine
`gl` Greenland	`va` Vatican City
`gr` Greece	`im` Isle of Man
`hr` Croatia	`je` Jersey
`hu` Hungary	`is` Iceland
`ie` Ireland	`li` Liechtenstein
`it` Italy

Asia Pacific


`af` Afghanistan	`mv` Maldives
`au` Australia	`my` Malaysia
`az` Azerbaijan	`mm` Myanmar
`bd` Bangladesh	`mn` Mongolia
`bn` Brunei	`nr` Nauru
`bt` Bhutan	`np` Nepal
`cc` Cocos Islands	`nz` New Zealand
`ck` Cook Islands	`nf` Norfolk Island
`cn` China	`nu` Niue
`cx` Christmas Island	`pk` Pakistan
`fj` Fiji	`pg` Papua New Guinea
`fm` Micronesia	`ph` Philippines
`gu` Guam	`pn` Pitcairn
`hk` Hong Kong	`pw` Palau
`id` Indonesia	`sb` Solomon Islands
`in` India	`sg` Singapore
`jp` Japan	`th` Thailand
`kh` Cambodia	`tl` Timor-Leste
`ki` Kiribati	`tk` Tokelau
`kp` North Korea	`to` Tonga
`kr` South Korea	`tv` Tuvalu
`kz` Kazakhstan	`tw` Taiwan
`kg` Kyrgyzstan	`uz` Uzbekistan
`la` Laos	`vn` Vietnam
`lk` Sri Lanka	`vu` Vanuatu
`mh` Marshall Islands	`ws` Samoa
`mo` Macao	`as` American Samoa
`mp` Northern Mariana Islands	`pf` French Polynesia

Middle East & Africa


`ae` United Arab Emirates	`mg` Madagascar
`bh` Bahrain	`ml` Mali
`bj` Benin	`mr` Mauritania
`bf` Burkina Faso	`mu` Mauritius
`bi` Burundi	`mw` Malawi
`bw` Botswana	`mz` Mozambique
`cd` Congo (DRC)	`na` Namibia
`cf` Central African Republic	`ne` Niger
`cg` Congo	`ng` Nigeria
`ci` Cote D'Ivoire	`om` Oman
`cm` Cameroon	`ps` Palestinian Territory
`cv` Cape Verde	`qa` Qatar
`dj` Djibouti	`re` Reunion
`dz` Algeria	`rw` Rwanda
`eg` Egypt	`sa` Saudi Arabia
`eh` Western Sahara	`sc` Seychelles
`er` Eritrea	`sd` Sudan
`et` Ethiopia	`sh` Saint Helena
`ga` Gabon	`sl` Sierra Leone
`gh` Ghana	`sn` Senegal
`gm` Gambia	`so` Somalia
`gn` Guinea	`st` Sao Tome and Principe
`gq` Equatorial Guinea	`sz` Swaziland
`gw` Guinea-Bissau	`td` Chad
`il` Israel	`tg` Togo
`iq` Iraq	`tn` Tunisia
`ir` Iran	`tr` Turkey
`jo` Jordan	`tz` Tanzania
`ke` Kenya	`ug` Uganda
`km` Comoros	`ye` Yemen
`kn` Saint Kitts and Nevis	`yt` Mayotte
`kw` Kuwait	`za` South Africa
`lb` Lebanon	`zm` Zambia
`lc` Saint Lucia	`zw` Zimbabwe
`lr` Liberia	`ls` Lesotho
`ly` Libya	`ma` Morocco

Other Territories


`ai` Anguilla	`ky` Cayman Islands
`ag` Antigua and Barbuda	`ms` Montserrat
`aq` Antarctica	`nc` New Caledonia
`aw` Aruba	`sy` Syria
`bb` Barbados	`tc` Turks and Caicos
`bm` Bermuda	`tf` French Southern Territories
`bs` Bahamas	`tj` Tajikistan
`bv` Bouvet Island	`tm` Turkmenistan
`bz` Belize	`wf` Wallis and Futuna
`gs` South Georgia	`hm` Heard Island
`io` British Indian Ocean Territory

gl sets the search context. Google treats it as a hint, so results may still include global results. Use cr for strict country filtering.

Country Restrict Parameter (cr)

The cr (Country Restrict) parameter applies strict country filtering. Only results originating from the specified country are returned. Format: countryXX where XX is the ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 country code in uppercase.

Common Values


`countryUS` United States	`countryDE` Germany
`countryUK` United Kingdom	`countryFR` France
`countryTR` Turkey	`countryES` Spain
`countryCA` Canada	`countryIT` Italy
`countryAU` Australia	`countryNL` Netherlands
`countryJP` Japan	`countryBR` Brazil
`countryKR` South Korea	`countryIN` India
`countryMX` Mexico

All Supported cr Values

We support 240+ cr values — the full list mirrors the gl country codes in countryXX format. Every country code supported in gl is also supported in cr.

Americas


`countryUS` United States	`countryGY` Guyana
`countryCA` Canada	`countryHT` Haiti
`countryMX` Mexico	`countryHN` Honduras
`countryAR` Argentina	`countryJM` Jamaica
`countryBO` Bolivia	`countryNI` Nicaragua
`countryBR` Brazil	`countryPA` Panama
`countryCL` Chile	`countryPY` Paraguay
`countryCO` Colombia	`countryPE` Peru
`countryCR` Costa Rica	`countryPR` Puerto Rico
`countryCU` Cuba	`countrySR` Suriname
`countryDM` Dominica	`countryTT` Trinidad and Tobago
`countryDO` Dominican Republic	`countryUY` Uruguay
`countryEC` Ecuador	`countryVE` Venezuela
`countrySV` El Salvador	`countryVI` US Virgin Islands
`countryGT` Guatemala	`countryVG` British Virgin Islands

Europe


`countryUK` United Kingdom	`countryLT` Lithuania
`countryAL` Albania	`countryLU` Luxembourg
`countryAT` Austria	`countryLV` Latvia
`countryBA` Bosnia and Herzegovina	`countryMC` Monaco
`countryBE` Belgium	`countryMD` Moldova
`countryBG` Bulgaria	`countryMK` North Macedonia
`countryBY` Belarus	`countryMT` Malta
`countryCH` Switzerland	`countryNL` Netherlands
`countryCZ` Czech Republic	`countryNO` Norway
`countryDE` Germany	`countryPL` Poland
`countryDK` Denmark	`countryPT` Portugal
`countryEE` Estonia	`countryRO` Romania
`countryES` Spain	`countryRU` Russia
`countryEU` European Union	`countrySE` Sweden
`countryFI` Finland	`countrySI` Slovenia
`countryFR` France	`countrySK` Slovakia
`countryGE` Georgia	`countryUA` Ukraine
`countryGR` Greece	`countryVA` Vatican City
`countryHR` Croatia	`countryIS` Iceland
`countryHU` Hungary	`countryLI` Liechtenstein
`countryIE` Ireland	`countrySM` San Marino
`countryIT` Italy

Asia Pacific


`countryAU` Australia	`countryMY` Malaysia
`countryBD` Bangladesh	`countryMM` Myanmar
`countryCN` China	`countryNP` Nepal
`countryHK` Hong Kong	`countryNZ` New Zealand
`countryID` Indonesia	`countryPH` Philippines
`countryIN` India	`countryPK` Pakistan
`countryJP` Japan	`countrySG` Singapore
`countryKH` Cambodia	`countryTH` Thailand
`countryKP` North Korea	`countryTW` Taiwan
`countryKR` South Korea	`countryVN` Vietnam
`countryKZ` Kazakhstan	`countryMN` Mongolia
`countryLA` Laos	`countryLK` Sri Lanka
`countryMO` Macao	`countryKG` Kyrgyzstan

Middle East & Africa


`countryAE` United Arab Emirates	`countryMA` Morocco
`countryBH` Bahrain	`countryNG` Nigeria
`countryDZ` Algeria	`countryOM` Oman
`countryEG` Egypt	`countryPS` Palestinian Territory
`countryET` Ethiopia	`countryQA` Qatar
`countryGH` Ghana	`countrySA` Saudi Arabia
`countryIL` Israel	`countrySD` Sudan
`countryIQ` Iraq	`countryTN` Tunisia
`countryIR` Iran	`countryTR` Turkey
`countryJO` Jordan	`countryTZ` Tanzania
`countryKE` Kenya	`countryUG` Uganda
`countryKW` Kuwait	`countryZA` South Africa
`countryLB` Lebanon	`countryZM` Zambia
`countryLY` Libya	`countryZW` Zimbabwe

You can also combine cr values with boolean operators for complex filtering. For example, countryUS.countryUK restricts results to pages from either the US or UK.

Language Restrict Parameter (lr)

The lr (Language Restrict) parameter applies strict language filtering. Only results written in the specified language are returned. Format: lang_XX.

We support all 35 Google language restrict values:


`lang_ar` Arabic	`lang_hu` Hungarian	`lang_pl` Polish
`lang_bg` Bulgarian	`lang_id` Indonesian	`lang_pt` Portuguese
`lang_ca` Catalan	`lang_is` Icelandic	`lang_ro` Romanian
`lang_cs` Czech	`lang_it` Italian	`lang_ru` Russian
`lang_da` Danish	`lang_iw` Hebrew	`lang_sk` Slovak
`lang_de` German	`lang_ja` Japanese	`lang_sl` Slovenian
`lang_el` Greek	`lang_ko` Korean	`lang_sr` Serbian
`lang_en` English	`lang_lt` Lithuanian	`lang_sv` Swedish
`lang_es` Spanish	`lang_lv` Latvian	`lang_tr` Turkish
`lang_et` Estonian	`lang_nl` Dutch	`lang_zh-CN` Chinese (Simplified)
`lang_fi` Finnish	`lang_no` Norwegian	`lang_zh-TW` Chinese (Traditional)
`lang_fr` French	`lang_hr` Croatian

Location & UULE

For precise geographic targeting beyond country-level, use the location or uule parameter.

location

The location parameter accepts a location name in Google's canonical format. It is automatically encoded to a UULE string internally.

Format: City,State/Region,Country

Examples:

Istanbul,Istanbul,Turkey
New York,New York,United States
London,England,United Kingdom
Tokyo,Tokyo,Japan
Berlin,Berlin,Germany

	Context (Hint)	Strict Filter
Language	`hl=tr`: Google UI in Turkish. Results may include other languages.	`lr=lang_tr`: Only Turkish-language pages are returned.
Country	`gl=tr`: Results from Turkey datacenter. May include global results.	`cr=countryTR`: Only pages originating from Turkey.

When to Use What

hl + gl: Best for general localization. You want results relevant to a market but don't mind mixed languages.
lr + cr: Best for strict filtering. You need only pages in a specific language or from a specific country.
Combine both: Use hl/gl for context and add lr/cr when you need strict filtering on top.

Example: Turkish results from Turkey

/plugin/google/search?token=TOKEN&q=pizza&hl=tr&gl=tr&google_domain=google.com.tr

Example: Strictly Turkish-language pages from Turkey

/plugin/google/search?token=TOKEN&q=pizza&hl=tr&gl=tr&lr=lang_tr&cr=countryTR&google_domain=google.com.tr

Time-Based Filtering

The time_period parameter limits results to a specific recency window:

Value	Description
`last_hour`	Results from the last hour
`last_day`	Results from the last 24 hours
`last_week`	Results from the last 7 days
`last_month`	Results from the last 30 days
`last_year`	Results from the last 12 months

Supported Google Domains

The google_domain parameter accepts the following 84 domains. Prefixes (https://, http://, www.) are automatically stripped.

Americas

Domain	Country
`google.com`	United States
`google.ca`	Canada
`google.com.br`	Brazil
`google.com.mx`	Mexico
`google.com.ar`	Argentina
`google.cl`	Chile
`google.com.co`	Colombia
`google.com.pe`	Peru

Europe

Domain	Country
`google.co.uk`	United Kingdom
`google.de`	Germany
`google.fr`	France
`google.es`	Spain
`google.it`	Italy
`google.nl`	Netherlands
`google.be`	Belgium
`google.at`	Austria
`google.ch`	Switzerland
`google.se`	Sweden
`google.no`	Norway
`google.dk`	Denmark
`google.fi`	Finland
`google.pl`	Poland
`google.pt`	Portugal
`google.com.tr`	Turkey
`google.ie`	Ireland
`google.com.ua`	Ukraine
`google.ro`	Romania
`google.gr`	Greece
`google.hu`	Hungary
`google.cz`	Czech Republic
`google.sk`	Slovakia
`google.bg`	Bulgaria
`google.hr`	Croatia
`google.rs`	Serbia
`google.si`	Slovenia
`google.lt`	Lithuania
`google.lv`	Latvia
`google.ee`	Estonia
`google.ru`	Russia

Asia Pacific

Domain	Country
`google.co.jp`	Japan
`google.co.kr`	South Korea
`google.com.au`	Australia
`google.co.nz`	New Zealand
`google.co.in`	India
`google.co.id`	Indonesia
`google.co.th`	Thailand
`google.com.sg`	Singapore
`google.com.my`	Malaysia
`google.com.ph`	Philippines
`google.com.vn`	Vietnam
`google.com.tw`	Taiwan
`google.com.hk`	Hong Kong
`google.com.pk`	Pakistan
`google.com.bd`	Bangladesh
`google.com.np`	Nepal
`google.lk`	Sri Lanka
`google.com.mm`	Myanmar
`google.com.kh`	Cambodia
`google.la`	Laos

Middle East & Africa

Domain	Country
`google.co.za`	South Africa
`google.com.eg`	Egypt
`google.com.sa`	Saudi Arabia
`google.ae`	UAE
`google.co.il`	Israel
`google.com.ng`	Nigeria
`google.co.ke`	Kenya
`google.com.gh`	Ghana
`google.com.et`	Ethiopia
`google.co.tz`	Tanzania
`google.co.ug`	Uganda
`google.com.ly`	Libya
`google.dz`	Algeria
`google.co.ma`	Morocco
`google.tn`	Tunisia
`google.com.qa`	Qatar
`google.com.kw`	Kuwait
`google.com.bh`	Bahrain
`google.com.om`	Oman
`google.jo`	Jordan
`google.com.lb`	Lebanon
`google.iq`	Iraq